Saturday, August 31, 2019

Quality of Life Essay

Twenty first century is witnessing a world that has become an increasingly diverse and complex place. Changing global trends are causing a paradigm transformation of social and cultural systems. Western societies are experiencing an accelerated aging and people in general have evolved a misconception about today’s elderly. They are perceived as being sick, isolated, self-centred and a burden on society, which is totally false. There is a need to develop social cohesion between generations and within the older generation to understand the matter in correct perspective. An effort has been made in this paper to focus on this key issue and highlight the importance of inter and intragenerational relationships to quality of life to older people. The present demographic profile of the United Kingdom reflects a number of consistent and marked trends. People are living increasingly longer, the birth rate is showing a steady decline and the mean age is increasing steadily. By 2031, the over 80s population is predicted to double to 5 million, according to the Office of National Statistics. If the health of the elderly population follows current trends that will mean people spend more of their lives fighting various illnesses. Since 1981, the amount of time women can expect to live in poor health has increased by 15%. For men, the length of poor health rose by 34% (Triggle, 2004). Besides health, older people face the mobility problems, poor transport and lack of finance. Car usage declines with age and varies by sex. 77 per cent of men and 64 per cent of women aged 65-74 in 2001 in Great Britain had access to automobiles (National Statistics, 2006). Today, we can observe a significant change in family structures. The realignment of family ethos has caused varying degrees of separation between the young and old members of families and affected familial relationships negatively. As people age and their working lives end, they may have more free time available to spend in a social circle. Barriers of older life further enhance the necessity to promote inter and intragenerational relationships. This paper scrutinizes the various dimensions of quality of life at old age. It overviews the factors affecting quality of life and highlight the significance of relationships at old age. Components of Quality of Life  Quality of life is a wide ranging term. The Department for Work and Pensions of UK (2006) identifies five domains as the most relevant to assessing progress in older people’s quality of life: 1) Independence within inclusive communities. 2) Healthy, active living. 3) Fairness in work and later life. 4) Material well-being. 5) Support and care. Independence within inclusive communities necessitates to address issues like exercising independence, exercising choices that give them control over key aspects of their lives, and participation in local community through inter and intragenerational relationships. Health and active living deals with problems like access to healthcare proportionate to older people’s needs. Fairness in work and later life encompasses factors like job opportunities, involvement in decisions that affect their lives, and no age discrimination in access to goods, services and employment. Material wellbeing includes sustaining key elements of their previous lifestyle, and using their resources to best effect. Support and care encompasses the supply of care and support, availability of support in a variety of forms to meet diverse needs, affordable care, and protection to older people from abuse. Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Older People Good quality of life in old age is a realistic ambition for all. Early old age, sometimes called the Third Age, between 55 and 75 years old, is the phase of life between leaving the labour market and the onset of physical dependency. There are a number of factors that affect quality of life at this age. A research study carried out by Dr Blane (2003) concluded that quality of life for the affluent-healthy is higher than for the deprived-sick. Having control over when and when not to work has a significant bearing on quality of life. Then the quality and density of a person’s social network was more important than the number of people in the network. Importance of Intergenerational and Intragenerational Relationships to Quality of Life The term generation has a numerous contemporary meanings, incorporating biological, familial and social factors (Back, 1987). An intergenerational perspective (between and across generations) highlights the reciprocal obligations, rights and influences between different generations. An intragenerational perspective identifies similar age groups and the succession of individuals who are distinguished by the bounds of a society and set apart by time and common experience (Fredriksen, 1993). Historically, within the UK, there had been a strong tradition of the young learning from the old in their role as respected elders or through structures such as apprenticeship schemes and trade guilds (Hatton, 2002). Significance of intergenerational relationships is evident from a survey which reports that to the elderly, welfare of children and grandchildren is twice as more important than their own health and money (Roy, 1999). Older parents have always been providing financial support in the forms of donations, gifts and regular monetary contributions to their children. They are also important sources of instrumental support (shopping, cleaning, home maintenance, childcare) and emotional support (advice, validation) for their children (Bengtson, Rosenthal & Burton, 1990). Many elderly people continue to provide support for adult children and the provision of a home for one’s children can extend well beyond middle age (Evandrou, Falkingham, Rake & Scott, 2001). Living arrangements are a key dimension of quality of life and well-being in old age. Older people living alone are more likely to enter an institution than those living with other people (Breeze, Slogett & Fletcher, 1999). Involvement of older persons in local communities contributes to their quality of life, as well as to the functioning of the community. The relationship between different groups of older persons is therefore very crucial in maintaining the quality of life (UN-Economic and Social Council, 2002). Altered patterns of mortality and fertility have made intergenerational structures in the family more â€Å"top heavy† and vertically extended. While horizontal, intragenerational ties are shrinking, vertical ties across generations are more complex and durable than ever before in history (UN-Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2005). Importance of social groups and networks in later part of life is quite evident from a research study carried out in Scotland (Philip, Gilbert, Mauthner and Phimister, 2003). The participant observations and questionnaires have provided useful insights into the levels and types of participation in social groups among older people in the study area. The report finds that there is high level of participation and involvement in social groups amongst older people (aged over 60). As a whole, respondents attended 68 wide-ranging types of groups including civic participation (e. g. local government), voluntary activities (e. g. Red Cross; Meals on Wheels), friendship, social, leisure, religious, cultural, heritage and special interest groups. Those aged in their seventies and early eighties were the most likely to be involved in social activities Another study summarises that older people preferred the company of others, had a higher level of contact with friends and lower levels of psychological problems (McKee, 2002). In 2002 around three in ten men aged 80 and over and nearly one in five women in England said they owned a mobile phone. Use of mobile phones and the Internet helps older people to remain independent by making it easier for them to communicate with their family and friends or to access public and commercial services (National Statistics, 2006). Conclusion Society in the UK is changing. More people are living longer in greater prosperity. In the next decade, the numbers over 50, over 65 and over 80 will all increase to levels never seen before. We need a coherent strategy to manage that demographic change. Elaborate and diligent plans are required to enable older persons to continue to participate fully in all aspects of life. For a better quality of life, we need to promote the development of a society for all ages through the strengthening of intergenerational and intragenerational solidarity. Young generations have responsibilities and a special role in building a society for all ages. Older generations have equal role to play.

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay

NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES! Human Needs Needs: lack of something that is required or desired Needs exist from birth to death Needs influence our behavior Needs have a priority status Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs( levels of need) Meeting Needs Motivation to act when needs felt Sense of satisfaction when needs met Sense of frustration when needs not met Several needs can be felt at the same time Different needs can have different levels of intensity Altered Physiological Needs Health care workers need to be aware of how illness interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testing Anxiety Medications Loss of vision or hearing Altered Physiological Needs (continued) Decreased sense of smell and taste Deterioration of muscles and joints Change in person’s behavior What the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs Summary Be aware of own needs and patient’s needs More efficient and quality care can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of others Summary Recognise that we are all different. Help them to help themselves and become more independent. Everyone has a choice Treat individuals with respect and dignity. Protect vulnerable individuals Different professionals are involved in care formal and informal care provision Summary Our five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of working age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

Friday, August 30, 2019

A Comparative Study of Human Resource Practices and Job Satisfaction in Public Healthcare Organisations in United Kingdom and Pakistan

Identification of important issues that determine job satisfaction of nurse may allow managers to develop strategies to increase job satisfaction nursing staff. The problem of the current quantitative research was to examine and compare the nurses’ job satisfaction at public healthcare organisations in U.K. and Pakistan.The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there were differences between factors and level of job satisfaction among nurses at two hospitals. The current quantitative research data were collected by using the Index Work Satisfaction (IWS) questionnaires (Stamps 1997). The sample for the current research was nurses who were employed in NHS and PIMS hospitals.For this study, a survey will be utilised as the primary method of acquiring the research data. The questionnaire will be comprised of closed-ended questions to get an accurate and complete data.The sample will consist of 53 employees from public healthcare service providers in United Kingdom and Pakistan. The sample of employees will be chosen randomly, however, the research will attempt to get a wide range of individuals.The findings revealed that nurses are dissatisfied with the amount of paper work required, lack of time to deliver quality care, administration who are perceived to be out of touch with daily problems, and lack of involvement in policy decision making. Different components that influence job satisfaction between NHS and PIMS nurses were also reported.NHS nurses reported twice as many dissatisfiers than PIMS nurses. The overall job satisfaction indicated that work satisfaction on both the NHS and PIMS hospitals is fairly low, according to Index of Work Satisfaction. However, PIMS has a higher level of job satisfaction than NHS.There is no better time than the present to analyse job satisfaction among professional nurses, especially those working in specialised units in hospitals, because of the changes and chaos occurring in the current environment.Num erous factors have affected the profession of nursing over the last five years. The driving force behind these factors is the economics of health care. The rising cost of health care has caused hospitals and other healthcare agencies to restructure their nursing care delivery systems.Simultaneously, technological advances have necessitated more sophisticated and complex care, acuity of patients has risen, and the length of stay in acute care facilities has dramatically been reduced (Murphy, Roch, Pepicello, & Murphy 1997).Past studies of job satisfaction among professional nurses have demonstrated relationships among satisfaction and positive and negative behaviours. High satisfaction is associated with positive behaviours such as high productivity, teamwork, and high morale, while low satisfaction is associated with negative behaviours such as absenteeism, high turnover rates, and conflict among employees (Boumans & Landerweerd 1994).Job satisfaction encompasses not only the worker s' adaptation to the organisation, but also what their work means to them and ways in which they and the organisation might adapt to their needs. Nurse managers need to assess the satisfaction of their employees, not to gain a sense of work satisfaction, but to gain knowledge that can be used to assist them and the organisation to create more meaningful and more satisfying jobs (Stamps 1997).The issue of job satisfaction has become more important to both employers of nurses and nurse employees since the beginning of health care reform and changes in the delivery of nursing care that have caused frustration and chaos among the staff nurses who are delivering the care to the patients.Managed care has changed the health care environment by putting economic constraints on hospitals. This has affected the nursing profession because the third party payers are dictating how nurses deliver care (Moore 1997).With the restructuring of nursing care delivery systems, nurses are working with dif ferent staff mixes and different staffing levels. With the increased use of unlicensed personnel, nurses have greater supervisory requirements to ensure quality care (Moore 1997).Many professional nurses have not been well prepared to manage their increasing supervisory responsibilities in the current healthcare environment. When employees are ill equipped for their jobs, dissatisfaction and ultimately negative behaviours result (Murphy et al. 1997).A study conducted by Shindul-Rothschild and Duffy, (1996) looked at nurses' views on health care reform and the practice of nursing. She found that nurses who experienced restructuring, downsizing, and the increased use of unlicensed personnel express concerns with decreased quality of nursing care. These nurses are required to do more with fewer resources so they cannot accomplish all the tasks and supervision that they are required to do.The nurses report they are taking care of more complex patients due to the seriousness of their ill nesses, but they have less time to practice nursing due the increased supervisory responsibilities. Thus, they report it has become difficult to provide high quality care to patients with the resources available and this is decreasing their job satisfaction (Corey-Lisle, Tarzian, Cohen, & Trinkoff 1999).The supply and demand of professional nurses has frequently been out of balance. According to Brewer (1997) when there is a nursing shortage, nurses are required to work long hours with an insufficient number of staff, ultimately leading to burnout and job dissatisfaction.She predicted that with the turmoil of the health care environment, another nursing shortage would occur in the near future (Brewer 1997). Critical care units have a particularly difficult time recruiting and retaining nurses in such times to fill their positions.Job satisfaction may vary depending on work settings. There has been no research comparing job satisfaction between developed and undeveloped countries pub lic healthcare providers.UK nurses have lower patient to staff ratios, fewer unlicensed personnel, no licensed practical nurses, and rely on modern technology like hemodynamic monitoring to help monitor patients. Pakistani nurses must supervise more licensed practical nurses and unlicensed personnel, lack hemodynamic monitoring assistance, and have a larger number of patients per staff member.Job satisfaction has incredible significance to the health care system. When employees are satisfied, productivity and morale increase. When employees are dissatisfied, employers encounter negative behaviours. Employees may decide to leave, morale and productivity decrease, absenteeism and tardiness increase, and conflict is more prevalent (Williams 1990).All of these factors have considerable implication for organisations. Low quality, absenteeism and the need to retrain and orient new employees add significant issues to organisations. Even more important are the effects these behaviours can h ave on patient outcomes. If the morale and productivity levels are low and stress levels are high, an increase in patient and staff injuries is likely (Wunderlich et al., 1996).Nurse administrators and managers need to be aware of job satisfaction because of its impact on morale, budget, productivity, and staff and patient injuries. Nurse administrators and managers can be proactive and develop strategies to assist in increasing job satisfaction among nurses. Nurse managers on specialty units need to assess job satisfaction closely because of the added difficulty recruiting and retaining qualified professional nurses for these units.Public Healthcare Organisations within UK and Pakistan The government organisations namely as National Health Service in UK and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Pakistan, are the subjects of this dissertation. The part of study was based in the PIMS, which is one of the largest health public organisations in Pakistan. There were three main reaso ns for selecting this organisation for the study:1) Like several other large health public organisations (in Pakistan), PIMS has a well defined organisational structure comprised of a voluntary advisory board, paid employees and community based volunteers. Also, its general vision about the health care delivery, staffing pattern and range of salary, benefits and employee development activities are similar to other health public organisations. Hence, the lessons learnt from this organisation could be applied to other health public organisations.2) PIMS started providing community based primary health care services from mid 1980s. In a short period, it showed a significant improvement in health indicators in northern areas and its strategy of community participation in program planning and implementation became a model for other public organisations as well as private.Several public organisations adapted PIMS' strategy either fully or in part. Based on the lessons learnt from PIMS, th e government decided to include its philosophy of community involvement in health care delivery in its national health policy and also invited PIMS to help the government health department in replicating its strategy in the government setting (PIMS, 2007).PIMS' strategic direction and operational approaches have become a model for many other organisations working in the health sector in Pakistan. Thus, it was expected that the lessons learnt from this study in the PIMS would receive due attention by other public organisations as well as the government sector, resulting in wider acceptability and benefit.3) PIMS' keen interest in improving its performance further by conducting organisational research was also one of the reasons for selecting it as a study site. In this regard, a research agenda developed in consultation with the PIMS senior staff members was shared with the investigator before conceptualisation of this study.Based on the mutual need and the interest of PIMS and the i nvestigator, the research topic was finalised. Considering PIMS' serious interest in the topic it was expected that the research findings will be utilised by the organisation to develop better human resource management policies resulting in more efficient use of their resources and effective health care delivery to the communities in its program areas.Health Sector in PakistanPakistan a low-income country (http://www.worldbank.org.pk). The rural-urban division is sharp, as are the disparities between the rich and poor. According to the National Human Development Report (http://www.un.org.pk), almost one third of the people of Pakistan, mainly in rural areas, live below the official poverty line (income of less than US dollar a day per household).Inadequate social services and the high rate of population growth perpetuate poverty and the unequal distribution of wealth (http://www.oxfam.org.uk). The socio-economic indicators are worse than most of the countries in South Asia. United N ation's Human Development Index (http://www.unfpa.org) puts Pakistan at number 142 (out of 177).Each year the Pakistani government (federal and provincial combined) spends around GBP 5.0 per capita on education and GBP 2,5 per capita on health (2001 figures based on average exchange rate for GBP).Compared to this, the national expenditure on health per capita is around GBP 9.0, indicating a huge role of private and other health care providers (mainly NGOs), which cover around 76% of the total per capita health care expenditure (http://www.emro.who.int).There are not enough schools, health facilities or houses. The average number of people living in a house is seven; and half the population live in one-room housing units, with inadequate basic utilities, such as water, sanitation and electricity. Access to education and health services is limited, especially in the rural areas, and women and girls are at a particular disadvantage (http://www.oxfam.org.uk). Â  

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Ecosystem Toxic Chemical Threat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecosystem Toxic Chemical Threat - Essay Example SECTION TWO Question1. Is this an Acute or Chronic Environmental Threat? The presence of heavy metals in our environment causes chronic hazards to aquatic life and environment. This is because the metals are accumulative poisons that affect their health adversely when they expose or consume them frequently for a longer period of time. Similarly, it has a long-term effect on the environment through constant emissions or discharge to soil, water and surface depending on the source of the contaminants, level and duration of exposure (Palmer 121) Question 2 Is this a systemic (ecosystem) or Targeted Species Threat? Heavy metals are majorly released into the environment largely by manmade activities such as industrial processing and discharge from sewage plants and agricultural activities. This makes it to be more hazardous to both environment and aquatic life, hence, attracting deep concern globally on its mitigation options and control. Question 3 How likely is it that the chemical will be discharged in sufficient amount to do serious harm? The rate at which wastes from the industries and agricultural or sewage plants are releasing their contaminated discharges having lethal heavy metals into aquatic environment is astonishingly high. Given that these activities are manmade and owing to steady increase of global population, the rate at which these activities takes place also increases, generating sufficient amount of deadly heavy metals into marine ecosystem that can result into negative impact on the lives of aquatic population. Question 4 How severe are the consequences of the potential exposure? Potential exposure to heavy metals has adverse effects to aquatic life. For example, presence of cadmium in the ecosystem and in aquatic environment poses adverse effect to both the environment and the aquatic life. According to UNEP (2002), it is recognized as one of the most lethal hazardous water contaminants and could be harmful at every level in ranging from organi sm to cell elements. The harmful value for fish falls within the acceptable limit range of 0.5 ?g/dm3 to 21.1 mg/dm3. Given that this heavy metal has a chronic effect, its accumulative contamination effects can cause detrimental disturbance to aquatic life and the ecosystem. For example, in the case of fish, its effects range from abnormal behavior in fish metabolism, movement behavior to anorexia. Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) clarifies that it is a prospective aquatic carcinogen and is highly linked with anomalous functioning of the aquatic blood cell system. Based on its effects, both the species of chromium are connected to DNA malfunctions of the aquatic animal upon exposure. Similarly, long term accumulation of chromium in the marine environment has adversely affected the aquatic life in this ecosystem. Chromium majorly exist in both Cr (III) and Cr (VI) oxidation states. Chromium (VI) is considered to be more disastrous to aquatic life compared to the former ion Cr 3+. This is because it is readily soluble and mobile in aquatic environment. Question 5 How wide spread is the ecological threat - How many ecosystems and/or species are threatened by the expected exposure? According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report released in 2004, this group of

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

HR Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR - Coursework Example They include cost savings, increased globalization of the economy and labour market, potential to reduce adverse impact of protected groups, and to improve efficiency of hiring system (Chapman & Webster 2003). Additionally, human resource endeavours in selecting the most qualified person. However, the method of selecting such person has been shown to differ around the world. As a result, this is likely to reduce the performance of the human recruitment practices. The method of uniform selection of personnel remains disputed around the world. The article argue that what is best is to first understand the resemblance and dissimilarity of existing hiring practices in different nations (Huo, Huang & Napier 2002). This would help the human resource manager’s researchers to gain some insight. The article intention is to establish the differences that exist among nations in terms of general use of hiring practices. The article argues that few expects human resource managers all over the world to recruit employees in a similar. However, this is not the case as different approaches are used by organization of various nationalities (Huo et al. 2002). Moreover, the article argument is whether there are universally acceptable criteria that can be used universally by human resource for recruiting new employees. Moreover, the human resource managers are faced by challenges of expatriate selection. This has resulted from rise of cosmopolitan corporations. As a result, there has been increased awareness of the use of expatriate personnel and the importance of managing such a group. This uniqueness is in the government, private, and non-government sector. The article focus is on similarities or differences in expatriate’s management practices of organizations in these sectors. This is done with respect to the selection, preparation, management or support while overseas, and repatriation, of

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The impact of Hurricane Katrina on the economy Essay

The impact of Hurricane Katrina on the economy - Essay Example There are some strategies implemented to overcome the disaster caused to the economy by this hurricane. Hurricane Katrina has affected the Gulf of Mexico, New Orleans and Louisiana, which is the main hub of nation's oil, gas production and distribution. It severely damaged the oil production and refining facilities in these areas crippling the oil and gas production of the country. The fuel produced by the country is a contributing factor to the economic growth of a country. The damage of such a resource has its implications of various sectors. Although, there is sometime required to estimate the damage caused by this hurricane, predications are made about the potential loss that the economy will incur. Hurricane Katrina has resulted in the increase in prices of gasoline and other oil products. The damage of oil production and refining facilities has resulted in high demand of gasoline. The prices of fuel have increased by about by 15 times. [Hurricane Katrina's impact on US economy should not be overestimated, 2005]. Because of this increase in price, there are various industries, which are predicted to be affected by this calamity. This damage caused to the oil and gas production of the country is likely to affect the import and export of goods, retail market, real estate business and large organizations. [Little, 2005]. Gulf of Mexico comprises of about 30 percent oil production, 20 percent of the gas production and 60 percent of the oil imports in the U.S. [Samuelson, 2005]. This increase in the oil and gasoline price has affected the import and export of goods. Oil and gasoline is essential for transportation of products into and outside the country. The devastation caused to the oil and refinery productions in these areas have affected the transportation of the grains and goods outside the country and inflow of coffee and cargo into the country. [Hurricane Katrina's impact on US economy should not be overestimated, 2005]. However, there is a consolation that most of the import and export of goods occur after the fall so it has not causes a major damage to the foreign trade. [Samuelson, 2005] The increase in the price of the fuel has resulted in increase in price of every petrol-chemical and other related product. For instance, due to the increase in crude oil, the price of home heating products is expected to reach a soaring height during the winter season. [Little, 2005]. The hurricane has also affected the *retail market. There is increase in price on most of the products as a result the consumer budget is being affected. Most of the people spend large amount of money on the fuel due to the increase in prices of the fuel, while there is no increase in their salary or wages. As a result, they are unable to purchase high priced products. This will tend to affect the retail sales. *Consumer spending accounts to about two-thirds of the economy due to which a recession is forecasted in the economy. [Little, 2005]. The real estate business will make huge profits due to the hurricane. The hike in prices of the fuel and the shortage of building material in the country will result in increase in the value of the land and

Monday, August 26, 2019

Article Review #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Review #1 - Essay Example The independent variables were interpersonal-based service encounter and technology-based service encounter, while the dependent variables were brand loyalty and online purchase. The author applied The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model in predicting the behavioral intention of online purchases. The literature review is considered exhaustive, since it provided studies that explore the components, which impact consumer viewpoint perceptions of quality encounters, such as friendliness and display of proper emotions. It also mentioned studies that determined the relationship between service encounter satisfaction and repeat purchase intentions. From here, the author hypothesized that a positive customer encounter can motivate customers to use a hotel’s online reservation option. After that, the author connected studies that link satisfaction and brand loyalty and developed the second hypothesis from there. For two more hypotheses, the author identified the relationship between technology-based and interpersonal-relationship based encounters and brand loyalty. Finally, the author connected studies that built the relationship between brand loyalty and the intention to purchase services online. The research design followed the quantitative approach, with 2000 questionnaires distributed in 270 hotels. The response rate was 26.9% or 538, which is quite low. After eliminating incomplete replies, only 505 results were chosen. The hotels included international and national franchise hotels, as well as independent ones. The author improved the validity of this instrument through pre-testing and gathering insight from experts. Twenty tourists were used to pre-test the survey instrument. Factor analysis is applied, which is considered appropriate for the research, since it studied underlying data patterns. The findings adequately discussed if

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Arguments for Assisted Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arguments for Assisted Suicide - Essay Example This becomes a less volatile terminology that can be discussed on terms that do not suggest sin, mental instability, and can call into question policies of illegality. A definition of voluntary euthanasia is that it â€Å"takes place when a patient who is dying or who is in intolerable pain asks someone to help him or her to die to avoid any further suffering† (Cleave, 2001, p. 22). Most cultures, including the Western culture, is very linguistically affected by how different terminologies are used to define a topic. However, the word euthanasia is more often associated with the act of putting down an animal, so therefore that term is also not sufficient for the discussion. Suicide and Culture The event in question concerns helping someone who for one reason or another has decided to end their life. The most basic reason for suicide, that an individual is miserable and decides to end a life that has become unbearable purely for reasons that are based upon how they feel within their life, is a type of suicide that cannot be socially supported in Western cultures. According to Barnes, Golden, and Peterson (2010), men complete suicide more often than women, Montana has a higher rate of suicide over New Jersey, and people in the Eastern European country of Belarus have a higher rate of suicide than the United States. China, on the other hand, has a much higher rate of completed suicide by women than men. Culture is highly relevant to the rate of suicide and more importantly, 60% of all suicides are attributed to depression. Attributing suicide to depression, however, is based upon theory rather than medical evaluation and is a culturally based... Once again, it is how the topic is discussed that frames the event, the language that is used in forming the concept that defines its presence within society. The association to depression, while a clinically evaluated disease, is still a disease that is assessed through a determination and is often undiagnosed previous to the event of suicide.     Therefore, the cultural assessment of suicide is that it occurs because individuals have been influenced by a feeling of despair that is caused by mental illness, therefore it cannot have been a decision made through sound and evaluative thinking. This social evaluation of suicide has influenced the way in which the choice to end one’s life because of terminal illness has been assessed. Society has yet to acknowledge the benefits of assisted suicide when the decision has been made to end one’s own suffering, but the event of suicide is best done under the care of a medical professional, or a friend who helps to ease the b urden of self inflicting the event of suicide. Finding a relatively painless way to die when life has become unbearable is not a right that has been given in the United States. Assisting someone else to die is considered murder and is a burden to anyone who agrees to provide that service. Dr. Jack Kevorkian  Dr. Jack Kevorkian is the most renowned physician to support assisted suicide. His beliefs extended to anyone who desired to end their own life. One of the more famous quotes from this doctor was simply that â€Å"dying is not a crime†.  

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Socrates' Concepts in Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socrates' Concepts in Philosophy - Essay Example If, for example, one talks about justice, then it has to be defined according to its own nature and not according to the nature of the person who upholds it, for justice is the ruler of the person. Similarly, in Gorgias, Socrates asks Polus â€Å"if anyone, whether he be a tyrant or a rhetorician, kills another†¦he may be said to do what seems best to him?† and to which the latter answers affirmatively (Plato, Gorgias). The dialectic then develops into the part where Socrates places himself in the position of a criminal but this time Polus refuses and claims that it is not good because there will be punishment. Moreover, when asked by Socrates what principle upon which his definitions of evil and good lie, Polus simply answers, â€Å"I would rather, Socrates, that you should answer as well as ask that question (Plato, Gorgias). Thus, Socrates finally exposes the weakness of the arguments of the Sophists, both moral realism, and relativism. In Phaedo, Socrates successfully emphasized that the psyche is â€Å"the essence of happiness† and a â€Å"combination of what we think of as mind and soul,† which means that the psyche is the seat of both intellectual and moral personhood (â€Å"Socrates†). In Phaedo, Socrates tells Simmias that the philosopher â€Å"would like, as far as he can, to be quit of the body and turn to the soul† and that â€Å"death† is the â€Å"very separation and release of the soul from the body† (Plato, Phaedo). The way Socrates defended the soul and its immortality to Cebes and Simmias in Phaedo somehow convinced them of the validity of the existence.

Friday, August 23, 2019

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example More specifically, the primary activities of the proposed studio will include services for Commercial, Portrait, Studio and Street photography. The project shall be made up of two (2) parts. The first part being the identification of the main consumer groups and target market segments, an evaluation of the photo industry, and the conduct of a brief Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) and Porter Five Points analyses. The second part, on the other hand, shall be aimed at monitoring the performance of the proposed studio against industry competitors and market averages and improving this performance based on the results of the evaluation process. It shall likewise endeavor to determine which of the industry’s niches the proposed photographic studio can successfully tackle to enable the company to maximize its revenues and make it competitive. The rationale behind this project is to confirm that the proposed photo studio is indeed an economically viable business given the industry’s vast market and growth potentials. This project will enable the tracking, investigation and monitoring of existing variables such as relevant competitors and potential market, before and during the initial process of business development including sales monitoring during the early stages of actual business operations. Sales monitoring will involve the process of sales benchmarking via an assessment of verifiable sales of competitors and vis-Ã  -vis relevant market standards. These approaches will cover a complete monitoring and analytical process over a wider spectrum of the company’s existence while at the same time allowing a differentiated approach to the use of different monitoring instruments and research tools. Both phases will require the collection and processing of data from the market and consumers in order to draw relevant conclusions. The